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The challenge is significant: enhancing food security without further compromising environmental and social welfare outcomes. The nature and direction of many food system trends suggest that meeting this challenge will be daunting (see Chapter 1; and Ericksen, 2008). Highly connected commodity markets affect the global environment and food security. Solving problems of food insecurity and loss of ecosystem services must therefore be based upon understanding complex interactions among multiple processes. Systems-based approaches are needed to help deliver this understanding.