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Astrocytes play a vital role in regulating central nervous system inflammation, energy metabolism and brain homeostasis. Unlike macrophages and microglia, which are cells of myeloid ancestry, astrocytes are of ectodermal origin. However, regulatory specificities of signaling pathways connecting inflammatory and metabolic processes are still largely unknown. We analyzed firstly cellular responses to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and secondly, modulation of the mRNA of the three isoforms of the transcription factors PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) in primary rat astrocytes exposed to normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high glucose (25 mM). Cell culturing of rat brain astrocytes for 2 days in high glucose did not alter cellular morphology, but i) enhanced the release of TNFα that was induced by TLR4 agonist LPS or TLR3 agonist PIC and the synthesis of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), ii) changed the …