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On geological time-scales, the production and degree of recycling of biogenic carbon in the marine realm and ultimately its removal to sediments, exerts a dominant control on atmospheric CO₂ and hence variability in climate. This is a highly complex system involving a myriad of inter-connected biological, chemical, and physical processes. For this reason alone, linking observations, often highly abstracted in the form of proxies, to the primary processes involved and ultimately to explanatory hypotheses for specific geological events and transitions, is challenging. The past few decades have seen a progressive improvement in theoretical and process-based understanding of the various components that make up the marine carbon cycle and, hand-in-hand with this, the development of numerical model representations of the complete system. Models have also been designed and/or adapted with paleoclimate …