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Obesity is one of the most serious public health concerns. Excess adipose tissue, particularly with a centralized distribution, is associated with cognitive decline. Indeed, obesity has been associated with a number of adverse changes in brain function and structure that can be detected by neuroimaging techniques. These obesity-associated changes in the brain are associated with cognitive dysfunction.

While the pathways by which excess adipose tissue affects brain function are not fully understood, available evidence points towards insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, as possible mechanisms responsible for the observed relations between obesity and cognitive impairment.

It appears that weight loss is related to better brain and cognitive outcomes and that cognitive impairment due to obesity may be reversible.