查看文章

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common complication in children receiving cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapeutic alkylating agent. Acrolein is a urinary metabolite from cyclophosphamide and can induce hemorrhagic cystitis. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of acrolein by intravesical instillation on urinary bladder muscle contractions and pathological alterations in rats. Acrolein instillation significantly increased the muscle contractions of rat bladder detrusor after 1 and 6h but markedly decreased detrusor contractions after 24h. Acrolein increased phosphorylated protein kinase C (pan-PKC) expressions in bladders after 1 and 6h but inhibited it after 24h. Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) protein expressions were markedly induced in bladders 24h after acrolein treatment. Twenty-four-hour acrolein instillation increased the levels of nitrite/nitrate and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the urinary …