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MICHAEL O. SLOBODCHIKOFF AND G. DOUG DAVIS nato faces many different threats as an alliance. For example, a resurgent Russia, China’s rise to global power, cyber threats, and the war on the liberal order all threaten the Atlantic Alliance. 1 These threats are mostly external. However, one of the biggest threats to nato is an internal vulnerability that affects every member state and over which nato has no control. This danger is a multifaceted demographic transition where birth rates are dropping and the population is aging. This is a unique challenge that is historically unprecedented; there is no historical record of a state going through a similar transformation. Most studies that examine demography are employed in comparative politics, geography, and economics. For example, scholars examine how demographic change is likely to influence voting patterns in states. 2 Other scholars examine how …