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The main spatiotemporal modes of interannual temperature and austral summer (DJF) precipitation variability in the Central Andes are identified based on a two‐way principal component analysis (PCA) of 30‐year (1961–1990) monthly station data and related to contemporaneous tropical Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). In addition, various meteorological fields, based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis, NOAA‐Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and station data, are analyzed during periods of strong positive and negative SSTA and the respective composites tested for local significance using a Student's t‐test approach. Temperature variability in the Central Andes is primarily related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and closely follows SSTA in the central equatorial Pacific with a lag of 1–2 …