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This study assessed historical changes in emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance, from the soils of East Asia to the atmosphere. A process-based terrestrial ecosystem model (VISIT) was used to simulate the nitrogen cycle and associated N₂O emissions as a function of climate, land use, atmospheric deposition, and agricultural inputs from 1901 to 2016. The mean regional N₂O emission rate in the 2000s was estimated to be 2.03 Tg N₂O year⁻¹ (1.29 Tg N year⁻¹; approximately one-third from natural ecosystems and two-thirds from croplands), more than triple the rate in 1901. A sensitivity analysis suggested that the increase of N₂O emissions was primarily attributable to the increase of agricultural inputs from fertilizer and manure. The simulated N₂O emissions showed a clear seasonal cycle and interannual variability, primarily in response …