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The comparison of conventional surface metrology and area-scale fractal parameters to differentiate the surface topography of pharmaceutical excipient compacts and preliminary investigation of scale-based correlations with excipient properties were performed. The determination and selection of the most appropriate surface topography parameters is important in optimizing the design and quality of industrial processes and products. The surfaces of three types of excipient compacts (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), spray dried lactose (SDL), and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)) were characterized with a non-contact optical surface profilometer. A statistical F-test matrix was used to rank and quantify the ability of conventional surface texture parameters: Sa, Sq, St, Ssk, Sku, and the fractal parameters: relative area, Asfc (complexity) and SRC (smooth–rough crossover), to differentiate the surfaces of …