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Increasing use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) necessitates an improved understanding of their potential impact on environment health. In the present study we evaluated the genotoxicity of MWCNT on plant and mammalian test systems. Genotoxic responses such as chromosomal aberrations and DNA strand breakages were studied in Allium cepa, human lymphocytes, mouse bone marrow cells and pBR322 plasmid DNA. Results showed that MWCNT could cause chromosomal aberrations, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in Allium root cells that could be correlated with the internalization of MWCNT in the plant cells. In human lymphocytes significant genotoxic response was observed at the concentration 2μg/ml. Higher concentrations led to a decrease in values of the tail DNA percent that may be due to the formation of crosslinks. Annexin V-FITC–PI staining indicated only a small percentage of …