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Glomerular cell proliferation and PDGF expression precede glomerulosclerosis in the remnant kidney model. Increasing evidence supports a role of glomerular cell proliferation in the development of focal or diffuse glomerulosclerosis. This study investigates the chronology and sequence of cellular events that precede glomerulosclerosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Within three days of renal ablation, a phenoty pic switch occurred in which some mesangial cells expressed α-smooth muscle actin. This was followed by proliferation of mesangial cells, and to a lesser degree endothelial cells from day 5 to week 4 as detected by immunostaining for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Glomerular cell proliferation was accompanied by increased immuno-histochemical expression of PDGF B-chain. In situ hybridization showed no glomerular PDGF B-chain mRNA expression at the induction of proliferation (day 5 …