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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in young people. The functional outcome in patients with TBI cannot be explained by focal pathology alone, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is considered a major contributor to the neurocognitive deficits experienced by this group. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers additional information as to the extent of damage not visualized with standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with severe TBI. Nine chronic male TBI patients and 11 matched healthy controls were recruited. Results of the voxel-based analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps revealed significant differences in anisotropy in major white matter tracts, including the corpus callosum (CC), internal and external capsule, superior and inferior longitudinal fascicles …