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Fuel combustion provides basic energies for the society but also significantly affect environmental quality and the global issue of climate change. The sustainable energy transition should systematically evaluate impacts of current and future combustion energies on climate by taking multi-forcers into the consideration. A variety of fuels burned in different facilities expectedly has distinct impacts on climate by different climate forcers, which remains to be quantitatively assessed. This work studied climate effects of different fuel combustion processes, taking both greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) into the consideration, and analyzed their spatiotemporal characteristics. By using updated emission inventories and an Earth System Model, we evaluated absolute and relative contributions in energy and climate forcing and the nexus for the combustion emissions by fuels, sectors, and regions …