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Methods: In this case–control analysis, 140 blood samples were collected (70 fertile men and 70 infertile men). rs2303846 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method and the results were confirmed by sequencing. The differences in genotype distributions between cases and fertile controls were examined using Chi-squared analysis and SNPSTAT software. Corelation between this SNP and miRNAs was examined.

Results: TT genotype was observed in 5 infertile men among 70 case samples, while all control samples showed CC genotype and there was a significant association in this difference (P= 0.023). This SNP exist in seed region of three miRNAs (hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-6511b-5p, hsa-miR-3944-5p) and T allele causes seed destruction. In addition, T allele leads to the loose binding of all the selected miRNAs.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that rs2303846, which is located on CPEB1 is associated with the risk of infertility in Iranian population. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that changing the T allele of rs2303846, instead of C allele could loose miRNA binding to their target genes in our selected miRNAs. Consequently, the gene is stable and its expression continues.