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Surgical proficiency is classically acquired through live experience in the operating room. Trainee exposure to cases and complex pathologies is highly variable between training programs.¹ Currently, there is no standard for neurosurgical skill assessment for specific operative techniques for trainees. Cadaveric simulation has been used to demonstrate surgical technique and assess resident skill but often presents a significant financial and facility burden.2, 3, 4 Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an alternative to cadaveric tissue in providing high-quality representation of surgical anatomy; however, this technology has significant limitations in replicating conductive soft tissue structures for the use of cauterization devices and haptic learning for proper tissue manipulation.5, 6, 7 Our team has combined novel synthesis methods of conductive thermoplastic polymerization and 3-dimensional−printed cervical spine …