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Background

Self-efficacy is a core element of diabetes self-care and a primary target of diabetes interventions. Adults with serious mental illness (SMI) are twice as likely as adults among the general population to have Type 2 diabetes. This population faces substantial barriers (ie, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms) to optimal diabetes self-care, but the relationship of these barriers to both self-efficacy and glycemic control (hemoglobin A1C [A1C]) is not clearly understood.

Methods

Data collected from adult participants with SMI (ie, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder) and Type 2 diabetes (n= 92) were used to examine the moderating effects of cognitive functioning and psychiatric symptoms (ie, positive and negative symptoms) on the association between self-efficacy and A1C.

Results

The relationship between self-efficacy and A1C was moderated by cognitive functioning (B=− 4.03 …