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Prejudice and bias emerge in childhood. Research has shown that children’s prejudice against outgroup members is multifaceted, ranging from implicit biases to overtly explicit biases, such as racial slurs. To fully understand the developmental roots of prejudicial attitudes, it is necessary to investigate the full spectrum of prejudice and the processes that inhibit or reduce prejudice. This chapter reviews research on children’s evaluations of social inclusion and exclusion when based on gender, race, and wealth status, as well as the conditions under which children will challenge exclusionary behavior. We also review research on how children’s attributions of intentions toward members of outgroups reveal biases that indirectly lead to unequal access to resources and opportunities. We draw on the social reasoning developmental model to interpret children’s thinking about these forms of social encounters, and we …