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The authors investigated the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on perinatal depression, and the genetic overlap between perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression.

Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling for 1) the lifetime version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in 3,427 Swedish female twins and 2) clinical diagnoses of depression separated into perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression in a Swedish population-based cohort of 580,006 sisters.

In the twin study, the heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 54% (95% CI=35%−70%), with the remaining variance attributable to nonshared environment (46%; 95% CI=31%−65%). In the sibling design, the heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 44% (95% CI=35%−52%) and the heritability of nonperinatal depression at 32% (95% CI=24%−41 …