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To investigate prevalence, incidence, and persistence of insomnia, and their bidirectional longitudinal associations with depression and physical disorders.

A community based longitudinal study.

Elders living in private households in South Korea.

1204 people ≥ 65 years of age were evaluated at baseline; 909 of them (75%) were re-interviewed after 2 years.

Insomnia was defined as difficulty in initiation or maintenance of sleep > 3 nights per week over the last month. Diagnosis of depression (Geriatric Mental State) and number of physical disorders were ascertained. Sociodemographic and clinical covariates included age, gender, education, housing, past occupation, current employment, living area, life events, social deficit, physical activity …