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Objective  There is evidence that estrogens and some of their metabolites are involved in endometrial cancer pathogenesis. As estrogens mediate their effects via the estrogen receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, the objective of this investigation was to determine whether six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two genes were over‐represented in a population of endometrial cancer patients compared with a healthy matched control population, thereby associating differences in these genes with endometrial cancer.

Design  The study is a case–control investigation large enough to detect a two‐fold increased risk, assuming a dominant genetic model, with P = 0.05 and 80% power.

Setting  The study and control populations were all from the Hunter‐New England region of New South Wales, Australia collected between the years 1992 and 2005.

Population  The study consisted of 191 endometrial cancer …