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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) with cost-effective aerobic biocathode was developed for further treatment of azo dye intermediates into less harmful products in a single system. The fate of electrons in MFC for azo dye decolourisation and bioelectricity generation were explored via a series of studies including the effects of azo dye concentration, organic loading, external resistance and hydraulic retention time. The addition of low concentration of New Coccine (NC) (25 mg/L) improved 17% of the power density to 20.13 ± 0.37 W/m³. The internal resistance decreased from 50 to 32 Ω. As dye concentration increases, the decolourisation efficiency maintained over 90% (200 mg/L NC), whereas, power density dropped to 10.83 ± 1.21 W/m³. The increase of NC to higher concentration hindered the bioelectricity production, as both anode and azo dye molecules were competing for electrons. More electrons were …