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Adopting an Environmental Management System can offer firms a number of benefits, but also runs up against some difficulties. Firms need to weigh up these benefits and difficulties to evaluate their investment in such a system. This work aims to examine the use of Environmental Management Systems in a strategic sector in Spain: its automotive industry. We identify the main benefits firms obtain from these systems, and the difficulties they face in their implementation and certification. The literature offers homogenous results for the difficulties, but not for the benefits, which are conditioned by the sector and country under analysis. We obtain data via a questionnaire from 228 firms including manufacturers and suppliers. We then carry out a factor analysis to determine the latent constructs relating to benefits and difficulties. According to our results, the benefits of these systems are improvements in the firm's market …