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Argues and presents data to support the conclusion that the time is ripe for the reexamination and rehabilitation of therapist empathy as a key change process in psychotherapy. This chapter discusses conceptual definitions and forms, operational definitions and the measurement of empathy, a clinical example of the use of empathy, a meta-analysis of the relationship of empathy to psychotherapy outcome, limitations of the research reviewed, mediators and moderators of empathy (therapist factors, client factors, and how empathy leads to outcome), and therapeutic practice implications.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)