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In the classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, CYP21- affected genes either carry mutations present in the CYP21P pseudogene (microconversions) or bear a chimeric gene that replaces the active gene as a result of large conversion or deletion mutational events. Previous genotyping of 41 Brazilian patients revealed 64% microconversion, whereas deletions and large gene conversions accounted for up to 21% of the molecular defect. The present paper describes a new mutation disclosed by sequencing an entire gene in which no pseudogene-originated mutation had been found. The patient with the classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the daughter of a consanguineous marriage, and she is homozygous for a novel frameshift H28+C within exon 1. The mutation causes a stop codon at amino acid 78. Both parents are heterozygous for the mutation as confirmed by allele-specific oligonucleotide PCR …