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In this study, hydrochar-based-eggshell was prepared via the subcritical water medium (SCWM) and used as a catalyst in the thermally activated peroxide oxidation (TAPO) approach for crystal violet and dye bathing wastewater degradation. The catalytic activities for the raw eggshell (RES) and hydrochar-based-eggshell (HES) were compared. RES and HES were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The affecting parameters on the degradation process were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of temperature (293–333 K), amount of catalyst (5–25 mg/50 mL), the concentration of H₂O₂ (0–8 mM), and treatment time (10–70 min) on the TAPO method were investigated using central composite design (CCD). For the crystal violet removal, two models were …