作者
Giovanni Grasso, Fabio Torregrossa, Manfredi Noto, Eleonora Bruno, Paola Feraco, Felice Buscemi, Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta, Cesare Gagliardo
发表日期
2023/8/1
来源
Neurosurgical Focus
卷号
55
期号
2
页码范围
E11
出版商
American Association of Neurological Surgeons
简介
Although the therapeutic armamentarium for brain metastases (BMs) has been expanded from innovative surgical techniques and radiotherapy to include targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis of BMs remains poor. Despite the proven efficacy of numerous compounds in preclinical studies, the limited penetration of promising therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains an unaddressed issue. Recently, low-intensity magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) in combination with microbubbles has been shown to overcome vascular and cellular transport barriers in the brain and tumor microenvironment, resulting in increased drug diffusion and preliminary effective results. Preclinical studies have investigated the increased penetration of many therapeutic agents including doxorubicin, trastuzumab, and ipilimumab into the CNS with promising results. Furthermore …
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