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Health-care-associated infection is the most frequent result of unsafe patient care worldwide, but few data are available from the developing world. We aimed to assess the epidemiology of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries.

We searched electronic databases and reference lists of relevant papers for articles published 1995–2008. Studies containing full or partial data from developing countries related to infection prevalence or incidence—including overall health-care-associated infection and major infection sites, and their microbiological cause—were selected. We classified studies as low-quality or high-quality according to predefined criteria. Data were pooled for analysis.

Of 271 selected articles, 220 were included in the final analysis. Limited data were retrieved from some regions and many countries were not represented. 118 (54%) studies were low …