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ContextAn influential article published in 1990 claimed that the increased rate of reading disability in boys was a consequence of referral bias.ObjectivesTo summarize the history of research on sex differences in reading disability and to provide new evidence from 4 independent epidemiological studies about the nature, extent, and significance of sex differences in reading disability.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study comprised 989 individuals (52.1% male) in a cohort born between April 1972 and March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand, and followed up from age 3 years; reading performance and IQ were assessed at ages 7, 9, and 11 years using the Burt Word Reading Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised (WISC-R), respectively. The Christchurch Health and Development Study comprised 895 individuals (50% male) in a …