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Officers whose personal histories included arrest, traffic violations, and failure in other jobs were more likely than other officers to be terminated from their jobs because of misconduct. Officers who held associate or higher degrees were less likely than those without them to be dismissed for misconduct. Those who did well in the academy's recruit training program were also less likely than marginal recruits to be terminated for misconduct. As the representation of Hispanic and Asian officers in the New York City Police Department (NYPD) has increased, their rates of involuntary separation from the department have decreased and become indistinguishable from those of White officers. Black officers representation in the department has remained relatively flat over the years studied; their involuntary separation rates have also decreased, but remain higher than those for other racial groups in the department. The study …