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Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively applied in environmental and chemical engineering applications, such as wastewater remediation and organic compounds sensing, in which the adsorption of aromatic organic compounds (AOCs) (e.g., dyes, drugs and pesticides) on GO is commonly involved. Understanding the fundamental interaction mechanism of AOCs-GO is critical for these applications and designing advanced functional GO-based nanocomposites. In this work, for the first time, the nanomechanical interaction mechanism between GO and a model AOC molecule is quantitatively characterized using single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The contributions of major functional groups of GO to the binding affinity and configurations of AOC/GO complex have been investigated. It is found that most binding events in the formation of AOC/GO complex …