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We introduce the notion of Burch ideals and Burch rings. They are easy to define, and can be viewed as generalization of many well-known concepts, for example integrally closed ideals of finite colength and Cohen–Macaulay rings of minimal multiplicity. We give several characterizations of these objects. We show that they satisfy many interesting and desirable properties: ideal-theoretic, homological, categorical. We relate them to other classes of ideals and rings in the literature.