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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors modulated by ligands and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. There are three different human PPAR isotypes: PPARα, PPARδ/β, and PPARγ, which regulate the transcription of their target genes involved with energy metabolism, inflammatory process, and cellular differentiation in different human tissues. Because of these activities, PPARs are considered important targets for drugs to treat metabolic diseases, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Besides ligand modulation, PPARs activities can be modulated by posttranslational modifications (PTM), such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. The understanding of PTMs modulation of PPARs function could contribute for the development of metabolic diseases treatment with more specificity and fewer side effects …