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BACKGROUND: African-American and low-income women have lower rates of cancer screening and higher rates of late-stage disease than do their counterparts.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of primary care, health insurance, and HMO participation on adherence to regular breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening.

DESIGN: Random-digit-dial and targeted household telephone survey of a population-based sample.

SETTING: Washington, D.C. census tracts with ≥30% of households below 200% of federal poverty threshold.

PARTICIPANTS: Included in the survey were 1,205 women over age 40, 82% of whom were African American.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adherence was defined as reported receipt of the last 2 screening tests within recommended intervals for …