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Background:

The present study investigates onlay bone grafts and implants in a large-animal (sheep) model to determine whether there are composite biomaterials that can maximize long-term facial augmentation when compared with conventional bone grafts.

Methods:

Facial augmentation was performed in 10 adult sheep. First, 16.8× 5-mm disks were prepared from autogenous calvarial bone, hydroxyapatite ceramic, ceramic composite of 60 percent hydroxyapatite and 40 percent β-tricalcium phosphate (60 percent hydroxyapatite ceramic), and hydroxyapatite cement paste. Facial recipient sites were the body of the mandible (depository), the maxillary region (resorptive), and the frontal bone (depository). The volume of all bone grafts and implants was determined using computed tomographic scans, and the amount of bone formation was measured by means of backscatter electron microscopy 1 year …