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To define paediatric AML patients with a favourable outcome in order to design a risk‐adapted therapy, we analysed 489 children under 17 years of age treated similarly in studies AML‐BFM 83 and 87. 369 patients (75.4%) achieved remission. Estimated probabilities of survival, event‐free survival (EFS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) at 5 years were 50% (SE 2%), 43% (SE 2%) and 58% (SE 3%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed bone marrow blasts on day 15, morphologically defined risk groups and hyperleucocytosis to be of prognostic value. EFS at 5 years estimated for patients with 5% and >5% blasts on day 15 were 56% (SE 3%) v 27% (SE 4%); for the favourable morphological subgroups (M1/M2 with Auer rods, M3 and M4eo) it was 60% (SE 4%) compared with other patients (33%, SE 3%), P (Kaplan‐Meier)  =  0.0001 each. Hyperleucocytosis proved to be an independent prognostic factor …