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The role of progesterone elevation on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome has remained a debatable issue for several years. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether progesterone elevation on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration is associated with the probability of pregnancy. Eligible studies were considered those in which patients did not participate more than once. A literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL identified 12 eligible studies, 10 of which were retrospective. The majority ( n = 10) of these studies did not detect a statistically significant association between progesterone elevation and the probability of pregnancy. Meta-analysis was performed only for the studies ( n = 5) that provided data on clinical pregnancy per patient reaching hCG administration for final oocyte maturation. No …