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ContextThe United States spends considerably more money on health care than the United Kingdom, but whether that translates to better health outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the relative heath status of older individuals in England and the United States, especially how their health status varies by important indicators of socioeconomic position.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe analyzed representative samples of residents aged 55 to 64 years from both countries using 2002 data from the US Health and Retirement Survey (n = 4386) and the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 3681), which were designed to have directly comparable measures of health, income, and education. This analysis is supplemented by samples of those aged 40 to 70 years from the 1999-2002 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2097) and the 2003 wave of the Health Survey for England (n …