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Background:

Underrepresentation of women in plastic surgery remains a concern. This study investigates gender-related differences in self-confidence and surgical ability among plastic surgery trainees in an effort to work toward gender parity.

Methods:

Residents and fellows were recorded performing up to three cleft lip repairs on a high-fidelity simulator. Demographic information was collected, and two questionnaires were completed to assess self-confidence after each simulation. Videos were rated blindly using the objective structured assessment of technical skills and unilateral cleft lip repair competency assessment tool. Differences between participants were estimated using generalized estimating equations modeling, and correlation between overall self-confidence and performance was examined using Pearson correlation (r).

Results:

Twenty-six participants (six self-identified women and 20 self-identified …