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An efficient photocatalytic process involves two closely related steps: charge separation and the subsequent surface redox reaction. Herein, a ternary hybrid photocatalytic system was designed and fabricated by anchoring Cu(II) clusters onto a TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization revealed that both TiO₂ nanoparticles and Cu(II) clusters were highly dispersed on a graphene sheet with intimate interfacial contact. Compared with pristine TiO₂, the TiO₂/RGO/Cu(II) composite yielded an almost 3-fold enhancement in the photodegradation rate toward phenol degradation under UV irradiation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the improved photocatalytic activity of this ternary system benefitted from the synergetic effect between RGO and Cu(II), which facilitates the interfacial charge transfer and …