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Elevated levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are considered to be one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity. The early stages of atherosclerosis are initiated by the accumulation of oxLDL and the induction of toxic effects on endothelial cells, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate how diphenyl diselenide (DD), an organoselenium compound, protect vascular endothelial cells against the toxic effects of oxLDL in vitro. Our data showed that the treatment of bovine endothelial aortic cells (BAEC) with DD (0.1–1 μM) for 24 h protected from oxLDL-induced reactive species (RS) production and reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. Moreover, DD (1 μM) per se improved the maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity and prevented oxLDL-induced mitochondrial damage. In addition, DD could prevent apoptosis induced by oxLDL in …