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This research chapter aims to conduct a comprehensive review of 4D printing technology and its integration with Industry 4.0 in the context of Indian manufacturing. The chapter discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing 4D printing in the manufacturing sector in India, highlighting the critical role of materials science and engineering in enabling this technology. The chapter also explores the ethical, social, and environmental implications of using 4D printing in Indian manufacturing and identifies key success factors and best practices for scaling up production. The article’s final remarks highlight the potential future opportunities and areas of study for 4D printing and materials science as they relate to Industry 4.0 in the Indian manufacturing industry.