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Introduction: Studies designed to investigate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology play an important role to assess population’s distribution and risk factors to result in the development and promotion of public health policies.

Method: This study design is a survey carried out with a complex two-stage cluster sampling plan. Personal interviews were carried out with 2,003 individuals. The questionnaire included the epidemiological criteria for CRS. Demographic data, history of physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases (asthma, sinusitis, rhinitis), smoking, family income, educational attainment, and household characteristics were also evaluated.

Results: The overall response rate was 93.9% of the households. Mean age was 39.8±21 years; 45.33% were male. The overall prevalence of CRS in the city of São Paulo was 5.51%. We found a significant association between diagnosis of CRS and diagnosis of asthma and CRS and diagnosis of rhinitis and a significant association between presence of CRS and belonging to the low-income subgroup.

Conclusion: The municipality of São Paulo has an urban population of 11 million. According to the present study, the prevalence of CRS is 5.51%, which represents more than 500,000 individuals affected by this condition in the city.