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In this study, the effect of ethanol–diesel blends with different types of additives on performance and exhaust emission is experimentally investigated through experimental modeling and optimization methods. Experiments are performed on a turbocharged common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. The modeling is used to optimize the emission, engine performance, and physico-chemical properties by implementing factorial design considering four main parameters, namely, choice of oxygenate and nitrogenate such as Nitroethane (NE), Nitromethane (NM) and 2-methoxy ethyl ether (MXEE) and metal additives such as Manganese (MN) and Cerium (CE), engine speed (2200 and 1500 rpm) and load (370, 275, 180 and 20 N m). Findings by modeling show that the quadric and cubic terms of these four variables had significant effects. The obtained results prove that using the diesel–ethanol–(NE + MN) is better to …