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(1) To synthesize data on the physical and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands, with a focus on the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and (2) to propose approaches and analyses needed for examining the interaction of climate and volcanism.

Mexico.

We performed a literature and data survey of the climatic, geological and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands. We then assessed how the expected effects of topographic isolation, co‐occurring palaeoclimatic fluctuations and volcanism can be tested against the distribution of genetic diversity of high‐elevation taxa.

The Mexican highlands present a complex biogeographical, climatic and geological history. Montane taxa have been exposed to a sky‐island dynamic through climate fluctuations, allowing for long‐term in situ population persistence, while also promoting recent divergence and …