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The present study was aimed at examining the anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extracts obtained from an endemic plant, Jatropha maheshwarii through employing different assays. The ethanol extract of J. maheshwarii, at a concentration of 500 µg/ml, exhibited a membrane stabilizing effect (78.21%) on human red blood cells. As regards proteinase inhibitory activity, the ethanol extract showed the higher activity (80.32%) and the lower by aqueous extract (79.61%) at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. The protein denaturation inhibition assay showed the higher activity for ethanol (78.26%) and the lower by aqueous (75.73%) extracts at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extracts can be reasoned to the bioactive principles of the plant. On this basis, the phytoconstituents were assayed using preliminary qualitative screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses …