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Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on phase-separated blends of organic donor and fullerene derivative acceptor have developed rapidly during the past decade.[1–5] The BHJ solar cell was initially implemented in the conventional structure, where the BHJ active layer is sandwiched between a poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene):(polystyrene sulfonic acid)(PEDOT: PSS)-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and a low work function metal cathode (eg Al). However, the conventional structures suffer from device degradation due to the diffusion of oxygen into the active layer through pinholes and grain boundaries in the Al film and the corrosion of ITO by acidic and hygroscopic PEDOT: PSS.[6–9]

To circumvent this degradation problem, the inverted structure in which the charge collection of electrode is opposite to that of conventional structure, was introduced. In the inverted structure, air-stable high work …