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Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a global health concern. Rapid identification of CRE may improve patient outcomes and reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescription. The use of risk-scoring tools (RSTs) can be valuable for optimizing the decision-making process for empirical antibiotic therapy of suspected CRE bacteraemia. These tools can also be used to triage use of expensive rapid diagnostic methods.

We systematically reviewed the relevant literature in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus up to 1 November 2022 to identify RSTs that predict CRE BSIs. The literature review and analysis of the articles were performed by two researchers; any inconsistencies were resolved through discussion.

We identified 9 RSTs …