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Electrospinning has received tremendous attention in terms of the design and fabrication of 1D nanofibers for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries, owing to their high surface area, short charge transport path, superior chemical stability, etc. In this review, a brief introduction is given for fuel cells, metal‐air batteries, and the operation principle of electrospinning. After that, the recent progress of the noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts prepared through electrospinning, mainly containing heteroatoms‐doped electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs), ECNFs functionalized with transition metal nanoparticles and their compounds (alloy, oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides), and unique nanostructured transition metal‐nitrogen‐ECNFs (including single‐atom catalysts) are summarized. In this section, electrospun electrodes with self‐standing peculiarity are emphasized. Next, other kinds of …