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Objectives: A relationship between reduced brain tissue oxygenation and poor outcome following severe traumatic brain injury has been reported in observational studies. We designed a Phase II trial to assess whether a neurocritical care management protocol could improve brain tissue oxygenation levels in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and the feasibility of a Phase III efficacy study.

Design: Randomized prospective clinical trial.

Setting: Ten ICUs in the United States.

Patients: One hundred nineteen severe traumatic brain injury patients.

Interventions: Patients were randomized to treatment protocol based on intracranial pressure plus brain tissue oxygenation monitoring versus intracranial pressure monitoring alone. Brain tissue oxygenation data were recorded in the intracranial pressure–only group in blinded fashion. Tiered interventions in each arm were specified and impact on intracranial pressure …