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ContextPerformance feedback and benchmarking, common tools for health care improvement, are rarely studied in randomized trials. Achievable Benchmarks of Care (ABCs) are standards of excellence attained by top performers in a peer group and are easily and reproducibly calculated from existing performance data.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of using achievable benchmarks to enhance typical physician performance feedback and improve care.DesignGroup-randomized controlled trial conducted in December 1996, with follow-up through 1998.Setting and ParticipantsSeventy community physicians and 2978 fee-for-service Medicare patients with diabetes mellitus who were part of the Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project in Alabama.InterventionPhysicians were randomly assigned to receive a multimodal improvement intervention, including chart review and physician-specific feedback …